Citation (MLA & APA)
Modern Language Association of America (MLA)
¡ No change to in-text citations : (Anderson 7)
¡ Anderson, John. Intergenerational Dynamics: Opportunities and Challenges. Toronto: U of Toronto Press, 2007. Print.
¡ Changes to Works Cited:
§ Requires listing medium of publication in every entry(print is no longer the default)
§ No longer recommends including URLs for Web publications
§ Requires issue + volume number for journal entries
§ Requires italics and not underlining for published texts
MLA Works cited
• Book in series:
• Anderson, Iain. This is Our Music: Free Jazz, the Sixties , and American Culture. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 2007. Print. The Arts and Intellectual Life in Mod. Amer.
• Translated book published under real name and pseudonym and found on Web:
• Bakhtin, M.M. (see also Volosinov, V.N.). The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981. Google Book Search. Web. 3 Dec. 2007.
• Volosinov, V.N. [M.M.Bakhtin]. Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Trans. Ladislav Matejka and I. R. Titunik. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1986. Google Book Search. Web. 3 Dec. 2007.
Journal article:
Piper, Andrew. “Rethinking the Print Object: Goethe and Book of Everything.” PMLA 121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.
¡ Newspaper article (if city is not in title, insert italicized after the name in square brackets: StarPhoenix [Saskatoon]; write only first page and a plus sign)
Jeromack, Paul. “This Once, a David of the Art World Does Goliath a Favor.” New York Times 13 July 2002, late ed.: B7+. Print.
No author given
“It Barks! It Kicks! It Scores!” Newsweek 30 July 2001: 12. Print.
¡ Web publications.
§ Include URL only if reader may need it to find or professor requires it.
§ Give URL immediately after the date of access, period, and space.
§ Enclose URL in angle brackets followed by a period.
§ Consider downloading or printing research material to verify it.
Antin, David. Interview by Charles Bernstein. Dalkey Archive Press. Dalkey Archive P, n.d. Web. 21 Aug. 2007.
Eaves, Morris, Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi, eds. The William Blake Archive. Lib. Of Cong. 28 Sept. 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2007. <http://www.blakearchive.org/blake/>.
“La Ronge, Saskatchewan. “ Map. Google Maps. Google, 15 May 2008.. Web. 15 May 2008.
Quade, Alex. “Elite Team Rescues Troops behind Enemy Lines.” CNN.com. Cable News Network, 19 Mar. 2007. Web. 15 May 2008.
¡ Other media
Air Canada. Advertisement. CNN. 15 May 2008. Television.
Matuozzi, Robert. “Archive Trauma.” Archive Trouble. MLA Annual Convention. Hyatt Regency, Chicago. 29 Dec. 2007. Address.
Smith, Tom. Message to the author. 20 Aug. 2009. E-mail.
American Psychological Association (APA)
¡ No change to in-text citations: (Anderson, 2007, p. 7)
References
¡ Anderson, J. (2007). Intergenerational dynamics: Opportunities and challenges. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
¡ Changes to References:
• Include DOI (Digital Object Identifier) instead of URL
• Include DOI (10+ prefix and suffix separated by slash), when available, for print sources
• Include URL if no DOI available (Retrieved from http://...)
• Do not include retrieval dates unless material (such as wikis) change over time
¡ Journal article:
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
¡ Journal article (no DOI available):
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Book:
¡ Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency. London, England: Taylor & Francis.
Electronic version of print book:
¡ Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. doi: 10.1036/0071393722
Electronic only book:
¡ O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=135
Anonymous:
¡ Anonymous. (2001, 30 July). It barks! It kicks! It scores! Newsweek, p.12.
Online newspaper article:
¡ Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Podcast:
¡ Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/
Message posted to a newsgroup, online forum, or discussion:
¡ Rampersad, T. (2005, June 8). Re: Traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/roller/comments/ipisforum/Weblog/theme_eight_how_can_cultural#comments
¡ No change to in-text citations : (Anderson 7)
¡ Anderson, John. Intergenerational Dynamics: Opportunities and Challenges. Toronto: U of Toronto Press, 2007. Print.
¡ Changes to Works Cited:
§ Requires listing medium of publication in every entry(print is no longer the default)
§ No longer recommends including URLs for Web publications
§ Requires issue + volume number for journal entries
§ Requires italics and not underlining for published texts
MLA Works cited
• Book in series:
• Anderson, Iain. This is Our Music: Free Jazz, the Sixties , and American Culture. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 2007. Print. The Arts and Intellectual Life in Mod. Amer.
• Translated book published under real name and pseudonym and found on Web:
• Bakhtin, M.M. (see also Volosinov, V.N.). The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981. Google Book Search. Web. 3 Dec. 2007.
• Volosinov, V.N. [M.M.Bakhtin]. Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Trans. Ladislav Matejka and I. R. Titunik. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1986. Google Book Search. Web. 3 Dec. 2007.
Journal article:
Piper, Andrew. “Rethinking the Print Object: Goethe and Book of Everything.” PMLA 121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.
¡ Newspaper article (if city is not in title, insert italicized after the name in square brackets: StarPhoenix [Saskatoon]; write only first page and a plus sign)
Jeromack, Paul. “This Once, a David of the Art World Does Goliath a Favor.” New York Times 13 July 2002, late ed.: B7+. Print.
No author given
“It Barks! It Kicks! It Scores!” Newsweek 30 July 2001: 12. Print.
¡ Web publications.
§ Include URL only if reader may need it to find or professor requires it.
§ Give URL immediately after the date of access, period, and space.
§ Enclose URL in angle brackets followed by a period.
§ Consider downloading or printing research material to verify it.
Antin, David. Interview by Charles Bernstein. Dalkey Archive Press. Dalkey Archive P, n.d. Web. 21 Aug. 2007.
Eaves, Morris, Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi, eds. The William Blake Archive. Lib. Of Cong. 28 Sept. 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2007. <http://www.blakearchive.org/blake/>.
“La Ronge, Saskatchewan. “ Map. Google Maps. Google, 15 May 2008.. Web. 15 May 2008.
Quade, Alex. “Elite Team Rescues Troops behind Enemy Lines.” CNN.com. Cable News Network, 19 Mar. 2007. Web. 15 May 2008.
¡ Other media
Air Canada. Advertisement. CNN. 15 May 2008. Television.
Matuozzi, Robert. “Archive Trauma.” Archive Trouble. MLA Annual Convention. Hyatt Regency, Chicago. 29 Dec. 2007. Address.
Smith, Tom. Message to the author. 20 Aug. 2009. E-mail.
American Psychological Association (APA)
¡ No change to in-text citations: (Anderson, 2007, p. 7)
References
¡ Anderson, J. (2007). Intergenerational dynamics: Opportunities and challenges. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
¡ Changes to References:
• Include DOI (Digital Object Identifier) instead of URL
• Include DOI (10+ prefix and suffix separated by slash), when available, for print sources
• Include URL if no DOI available (Retrieved from http://...)
• Do not include retrieval dates unless material (such as wikis) change over time
¡ Journal article:
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
¡ Journal article (no DOI available):
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Book:
¡ Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency. London, England: Taylor & Francis.
Electronic version of print book:
¡ Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth [Adobe Digital Editions version]. doi: 10.1036/0071393722
Electronic only book:
¡ O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=135
Anonymous:
¡ Anonymous. (2001, 30 July). It barks! It kicks! It scores! Newsweek, p.12.
Online newspaper article:
¡ Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Podcast:
¡ Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/
Message posted to a newsgroup, online forum, or discussion:
¡ Rampersad, T. (2005, June 8). Re: Traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.int/roller/comments/ipisforum/Weblog/theme_eight_how_can_cultural#comments
